This represents the ultimate in screen-printed platinum electrodes (SPPtE). The working electrode is a platinum circular electrode, making it easy to functionalize through drop casting or pipetting.

The counter electrode is appropriately sized to ensure that it does not limit the current at the working electrode, and is fabricated from silver/silver chloride. The use of silver/silver chloride offers many advantages in microfluidic and wearable applications.

The conducting tracks have been optimized to eliminate any distortion caused by internal resistances on the screen-printed electrode when using techniques such as voltammetry and amperometry.

The reference electrode  is a classic silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode.